CHIME/FRB Catalog 1 reanalysisProduct v1.0.0 · preregistered frozen v0.1 registry

Do repeaters look different?

The original CHIME/FRB Catalog 1 paper reports no significant dispersion-measure (DM) difference between repeating and non-repeating fast radio bursts, but a significant difference in pulse width and spectral bandwidth. This project reproduces that exact comparison on the same public, real 536-burst catalog with a preregistered statistical pipeline — and reports what it actually finds, including where it disagrees with the paper.

Preregistered protocolReal public catalog dataFrozen result registryDiscrepancies disclosed, not hidden
01

Sample

497 analyzed bursts

Total catalog bursts536Real CHIME/FRB Catalog 1, Amiri et al. 2021
Excluded (non-nominal operation)39excluded_flag == 1, per the catalog's own ReadMe
Non-repeater bursts analyzed438no known repeat detection in this survey window
Repeater bursts analyzed59from 18 distinct repeating sources

Read this before any "significant or not" conclusion below

  • One survey, one band (400–800 MHz), one year (2018-07-25 to 2019-07-01) — no claim is made about any other telescope, band, or time period.
  • Small, unbalanced groups: 59 repeater bursts from only 18 sources vs. 438 non-repeaters. Two of those 18 sources supply 90% of the repeater bursts analyzed here.
  • "Non-repeater" is a detection-window label, not a guaranteed physical category — some may repeat below this survey's sensitivity or after this window closed.
  • This project does not resolve whether repeating and non-repeating FRBs are physically distinct source populations.

Full limitations: docs/research-report.md.

02

Primary preregistered test

Dispersion measure: falsified, then investigated

DM excess (NE2001 model) — repeaters vs. non-repeaters

Milky Way-subtracted extragalactic DM excess (NE2001 electron-density model), the preregistered primary DM measure. If the two groups were drawn from the same distribution, these two lines would closely overlap.

DM excess (NE2001 model) — repeaters vs. non-repeatersEmpirical cumulative distribution comparing 59 repeater bursts (dashed line) against 438 non-repeater bursts (solid line), in pc/cm³. Full values are in the accessible data table below this chart.0.000.250.500.751.0062.33006.7 pc/cm³
Non-repeater bursts (solid line), n=438 Repeater bursts (dashed line), n=59

dm_exc_ne2001 (primary, preregistered)Significant (KS)

Interactive sensitivity analysis

Change the unit. Watch the conclusion change.

The catalog is unchanged. Only the independence assumption and decision threshold move. This is why an analysis can disagree with a paper without either dataset being wrong.

Repeater analysis unit
Decision threshold
KS decision at α = 0.05Difference detected

p = 2.05e-10; this is below the selected threshold.

Repeater rows analyzed
59
Non-repeater units
438
KS distance
0.457
Median DM gap
353.6 pc/cm³
Bootstrap 95% interval
167.4 to 389.4 pc/cm³

Two prolific repeater sources contribute 90% of these 59 bursts, so the rows are not 59 independent sources.

Read the complete data table for DM excess (NE2001), repeater vs. non-repeater bursts (values sorted ascending, pc/cm³)
DM excess (NE2001), repeater vs. non-repeater bursts
RowNon-repeater (438 bursts)Repeater (59 bursts)
179.400062.3000
283.600062.5000
392.6000100.7000
496.1000101.0000
5100.8000101.3000
6102.3000101.5000
7106.9000102.1000
8109.8000102.4000
9110.9000103.9000
10111.5000103.9000
11112.8000149.8000
12113.8000149.8000
13114.4000149.8000
14119.4000149.8000
15124.9000149.8000
16125.0000150.1000
17138.4000150.1000
18144.2000150.3000
19144.9000150.4000
20145.0000150.5000
21146.4000150.6000
22146.9000150.7000
23147.6000150.7000
24148.5000150.8000
25149.8000150.8000
26150.3000150.9000
27150.5000151.1000
28151.1000151.1000
29154.7000151.2000
30155.5000157.0000
31165.9000159.1000
32166.8000191.8000
33167.1000193.8000
34170.9000248.5000
35171.4000248.9000
36171.7000330.3000
37174.9000330.7000
38175.2000330.7000
39176.2000337.4000
40176.3000338.0000
41176.9000339.4000
42179.6000344.3000
43180.7000345.2000
44181.1000372.4000
45181.6000373.0000
46183.4000375.9000
47186.3000379.1000
48188.7000380.4000
49191.0000423.7000
50191.7000425.6000
51194.8000508.4000
52197.4000508.8000
53198.2000520.9000
54199.1000521.0000
55204.2000608.0000
56211.0000609.3000
57217.20001239.0000
58217.60001239.5000
59217.90001301.9000
60222.4000
61225.2000
62225.8000
63227.6000
64234.2000
65236.5000
66237.7000
67237.8000
68238.4000
69239.1000
70239.3000
71239.9000
72239.9000
73240.3000
74241.0000
75242.6000
76243.3000
77250.0000
78251.2000
79253.5000
80258.8000
81259.3000
82261.2000
83263.7000
84264.2000
85264.5000
86265.0000
87266.6000
88268.1000
89270.1000
90274.0000
91275.6000
92279.0000
93279.8000
94280.7000
95281.4000
96282.2000
97283.9000
98284.1000
99284.2000
100284.2000
101284.8000
102291.8000
103293.1000
104294.5000
105295.8000
106296.2000
107297.3000
108298.3000
109298.7000
110299.2000
111301.5000
112305.7000
113307.3000
114308.3000
115315.0000
116318.3000
117318.7000
118319.8000
119320.4000
120321.7000
121326.1000
122327.2000
123330.6000
124331.1000
125333.9000
126337.2000
127338.0000
128340.0000
129340.8000
130343.7000
131343.8000
132345.8000
133347.1000
134349.4000
135350.2000
136351.7000
137352.8000
138352.9000
139354.0000
140356.6000
141357.5000
142358.8000
143359.2000
144359.7000
145361.5000
146366.1000
147367.6000
148369.2000
149370.8000
150372.8000
151373.5000
152373.9000
153374.7000
154377.6000
155377.7000
156378.3000
157383.8000
158388.3000
159394.8000
160394.9000
161396.0000
162397.9000
163398.9000
164399.8000
165402.4000
166402.8000
167404.0000
168408.2000
169411.8000
170413.3000
171413.5000
172414.4000
173415.1000
174416.2000
175419.8000
176423.0000
177427.9000
178430.2000
179430.3000
180430.7000
181432.7000
182433.9000
183437.5000
184440.6000
185444.4000
186444.6000
187447.4000
188451.8000
189453.4000
190454.2000
191461.6000
192461.9000
193462.4000
194464.4000
195464.6000
196465.1000
197466.3000
198466.7000
199468.7000
200468.7000
201470.2000
202471.0000
203473.2000
204474.8000
205475.5000
206475.7000
207477.0000
208477.4000
209478.6000
210480.3000
211481.7000
212484.1000
213494.2000
214494.5000
215501.6000
216504.3000
217507.7000
218509.3000
219510.3000
220511.0000
221514.9000
222518.5000
223520.6000
224522.3000
225522.7000
226525.9000
227527.0000
228527.4000
229528.7000
230530.0000
231530.9000
232531.7000
233536.4000
234538.5000
235539.0000
236540.2000
237541.0000
238542.9000
239543.4000
240544.6000
241544.7000
242545.3000
243546.8000
244550.5000
245550.9000
246554.8000
247559.0000
248563.8000
249565.4000
250567.6000
251569.2000
252574.6000
253578.4000
254580.9000
255582.8000
256583.8000
257586.7000
258587.4000
259588.1000
260589.2000
261590.8000
262594.2000
263595.7000
264596.0000
265596.7000
266596.8000
267596.8000
268599.5000
269601.3000
270604.6000
271609.4000
272611.7000
273614.6000
274616.5000
275619.2000
276620.1000
277620.7000
278626.3000
279627.7000
280628.2000
281629.2000
282630.1000
283631.6000
284652.5000
285653.6000
286655.6000
287658.8000
288659.7000
289663.7000
290665.5000
291666.3000
292666.6000
293670.4000
294674.1000
295681.7000
296682.6000
297684.5000
298687.4000
299687.6000
300690.6000
301692.3000
302694.9000
303695.0000
304696.7000
305696.7000
306700.0000
307701.2000
308702.2000
309714.5000
310716.0000
311723.2000
312740.5000
313740.8000
314745.9000
315749.3000
316752.9000
317755.7000
318779.4000
319779.7000
320782.4000
321783.3000
322784.7000
323785.2000
324785.4000
325788.0000
326789.7000
327791.8000
328792.2000
329795.1000
330800.4000
331809.3000
332812.6000
333813.5000
334813.9000
335817.4000
336825.3000
337830.3000
338835.3000
339848.1000
340849.3000
341877.4000
342884.8000
343887.7000
344896.1000
345898.1000
346912.6000
347915.8000
348920.6000
349921.2000
350936.0000
351941.6000
352942.4000
353943.3000
354949.5000
355959.3000
356967.2000
357979.0000
358987.2000
359994.1000
360996.4000
361996.5000
3621000.3000
3631001.0000
3641004.7000
3651008.0000
3661008.5000
3671019.3000
3681030.5000
3691040.3000
3701043.9000
3711047.3000
3721052.4000
3731058.5000
3741059.3000
3751066.0000
3761066.6000
3771074.1000
3781078.7000
3791084.4000
3801084.8000
3811085.5000
3821086.8000
3831089.9000
3841097.5000
3851099.3000
3861104.4000
3871107.4000
3881107.6000
3891111.5000
3901112.3000
3911126.2000
3921126.3000
3931128.2000
3941131.4000
3951151.3000
3961155.5000
3971166.6000
3981192.6000
3991193.6000
4001194.3000
4011202.1000
4021245.4000
4031251.8000
4041253.7000
4051265.3000
4061271.8000
4071313.6000
4081327.8000
4091330.1000
4101333.1000
4111333.7000
4121362.6000
4131374.0000
4141385.9000
4151391.1000
4161413.0000
4171419.4000
4181592.3000
4191607.7000
4201643.4000
4211649.6000
4221707.5000
4231707.6000
4241714.1000
4251727.2000
4261770.1000
4271821.7000
4281870.2000
4291880.3000
4301914.9000
4311932.3000
4322065.5000
4332179.0000
4342194.9000
4352248.1000
4362407.1000
4372583.0000
4383006.7000

This does not replicate the paper — here is the disclosed investigation

The paper's abstract reports DM as not significantly different between repeaters and non-repeaters. This project's preregistered burst-level test finds the opposite (p ≈ 2×10⁻¹⁰). A non-preregistered, clearly-labeled post-hoc check — reproducing the paper's own method of using only each repeating source's first-detected burst (n=18 sources instead of 59 bursts) — shrinks this to p=0.0408, which is not significant at the paper's own stated p<0.01 threshold. The most likely driver: two of 18 repeater sources supply 90% of the analyzed repeater bursts, so a burst-level test heavily pseudo-replicates those two sources' unusually low DM. Full reasoning: docs/research-report.md.

03

Positive control

Width & bandwidth: confirmed, robustly

The paper also reports that repeaters differ from non-repeaters in intrinsic pulse width and spectral bandwidth. If this pipeline can detect that real, published effect on the same sample, that is evidence the DM result above is not simply an underpowered test producing noise.

Intrinsic pulse width (fitburst) — repeaters vs. non-repeaters

width_fitb, all analyzed bursts.

Intrinsic pulse width (fitburst) — repeaters vs. non-repeatersEmpirical cumulative distribution comparing 59 repeater bursts (dashed line) against 438 non-repeater bursts (solid line), in s. Full values are in the accessible data table below this chart.0.000.250.500.751.000.00.0 s
Non-repeater bursts (solid line), n=438 Repeater bursts (dashed line), n=59

width_fitbSignificant (KS)

Read the complete data table for Intrinsic pulse width, repeater vs. non-repeater bursts (values sorted ascending, seconds)
Intrinsic pulse width, repeater vs. non-repeater bursts
RowNon-repeater (438 bursts)Repeater (59 bursts)
10.00010.0003
20.00010.0007
30.00010.0007
40.00010.0007
50.00010.0008
60.00010.0008
70.00010.0008
80.00010.0008
90.00010.0009
100.00010.0009
110.00020.0010
120.00020.0012
130.00020.0013
140.00020.0013
150.00020.0013
160.00020.0014
170.00020.0015
180.00020.0015
190.00020.0015
200.00020.0017
210.00020.0017
220.00020.0017
230.00020.0018
240.00020.0018
250.00020.0018
260.00020.0019
270.00030.0019
280.00030.0020
290.00030.0020
300.00030.0020
310.00030.0020
320.00030.0021
330.00030.0021
340.00030.0021
350.00030.0021
360.00030.0025
370.00030.0025
380.00030.0028
390.00030.0028
400.00030.0029
410.00030.0030
420.00030.0031
430.00030.0031
440.00030.0032
450.00030.0038
460.00030.0038
470.00040.0049
480.00040.0050
490.00040.0052
500.00040.0054
510.00040.0055
520.00040.0058
530.00040.0058
540.00040.0061
550.00040.0066
560.00040.0068
570.00040.0083
580.00040.0086
590.00040.0205
600.0004
610.0004
620.0004
630.0004
640.0004
650.0004
660.0004
670.0004
680.0004
690.0004
700.0004
710.0004
720.0004
730.0004
740.0004
750.0004
760.0004
770.0004
780.0004
790.0004
800.0004
810.0004
820.0004
830.0004
840.0004
850.0004
860.0004
870.0005
880.0005
890.0005
900.0005
910.0005
920.0005
930.0005
940.0005
950.0005
960.0005
970.0005
980.0005
990.0005
1000.0005
1010.0005
1020.0005
1030.0005
1040.0005
1050.0005
1060.0005
1070.0005
1080.0005
1090.0005
1100.0006
1110.0006
1120.0006
1130.0006
1140.0006
1150.0006
1160.0006
1170.0006
1180.0006
1190.0006
1200.0006
1210.0006
1220.0006
1230.0006
1240.0006
1250.0006
1260.0006
1270.0006
1280.0006
1290.0006
1300.0006
1310.0006
1320.0006
1330.0006
1340.0006
1350.0006
1360.0006
1370.0006
1380.0006
1390.0006
1400.0006
1410.0006
1420.0006
1430.0006
1440.0006
1450.0006
1460.0006
1470.0006
1480.0006
1490.0006
1500.0006
1510.0006
1520.0007
1530.0007
1540.0007
1550.0007
1560.0007
1570.0007
1580.0007
1590.0007
1600.0007
1610.0007
1620.0007
1630.0007
1640.0007
1650.0007
1660.0007
1670.0007
1680.0007
1690.0007
1700.0007
1710.0007
1720.0007
1730.0007
1740.0007
1750.0007
1760.0007
1770.0007
1780.0007
1790.0008
1800.0008
1810.0008
1820.0008
1830.0008
1840.0008
1850.0008
1860.0008
1870.0008
1880.0008
1890.0008
1900.0008
1910.0008
1920.0008
1930.0008
1940.0008
1950.0008
1960.0008
1970.0008
1980.0008
1990.0008
2000.0008
2010.0008
2020.0008
2030.0008
2040.0009
2050.0009
2060.0009
2070.0009
2080.0009
2090.0009
2100.0009
2110.0009
2120.0009
2130.0009
2140.0009
2150.0009
2160.0009
2170.0009
2180.0009
2190.0009
2200.0009
2210.0009
2220.0009
2230.0010
2240.0010
2250.0010
2260.0010
2270.0010
2280.0010
2290.0010
2300.0010
2310.0010
2320.0010
2330.0010
2340.0010
2350.0010
2360.0010
2370.0010
2380.0010
2390.0010
2400.0010
2410.0010
2420.0010
2430.0010
2440.0010
2450.0010
2460.0011
2470.0011
2480.0011
2490.0011
2500.0011
2510.0011
2520.0011
2530.0011
2540.0011
2550.0011
2560.0011
2570.0011
2580.0011
2590.0011
2600.0011
2610.0012
2620.0012
2630.0012
2640.0012
2650.0012
2660.0012
2670.0012
2680.0012
2690.0012
2700.0012
2710.0012
2720.0013
2730.0013
2740.0013
2750.0013
2760.0013
2770.0013
2780.0013
2790.0013
2800.0013
2810.0013
2820.0013
2830.0013
2840.0013
2850.0013
2860.0013
2870.0013
2880.0013
2890.0013
2900.0014
2910.0014
2920.0014
2930.0014
2940.0014
2950.0014
2960.0014
2970.0014
2980.0014
2990.0014
3000.0014
3010.0014
3020.0014
3030.0014
3040.0015
3050.0015
3060.0015
3070.0015
3080.0015
3090.0015
3100.0015
3110.0015
3120.0015
3130.0015
3140.0015
3150.0015
3160.0016
3170.0016
3180.0016
3190.0016
3200.0016
3210.0016
3220.0016
3230.0016
3240.0016
3250.0016
3260.0016
3270.0016
3280.0017
3290.0017
3300.0017
3310.0017
3320.0017
3330.0017
3340.0017
3350.0017
3360.0017
3370.0018
3380.0018
3390.0018
3400.0018
3410.0018
3420.0018
3430.0018
3440.0019
3450.0019
3460.0019
3470.0019
3480.0019
3490.0019
3500.0019
3510.0019
3520.0019
3530.0019
3540.0019
3550.0019
3560.0020
3570.0020
3580.0020
3590.0021
3600.0021
3610.0021
3620.0021
3630.0021
3640.0021
3650.0022
3660.0022
3670.0022
3680.0022
3690.0022
3700.0023
3710.0023
3720.0023
3730.0023
3740.0023
3750.0023
3760.0023
3770.0023
3780.0023
3790.0024
3800.0024
3810.0024
3820.0025
3830.0025
3840.0025
3850.0025
3860.0025
3870.0026
3880.0027
3890.0028
3900.0028
3910.0029
3920.0031
3930.0032
3940.0032
3950.0032
3960.0032
3970.0033
3980.0033
3990.0034
4000.0034
4010.0035
4020.0036
4030.0037
4040.0037
4050.0037
4060.0039
4070.0039
4080.0039
4090.0040
4100.0040
4110.0041
4120.0042
4130.0042
4140.0043
4150.0044
4160.0045
4170.0046
4180.0047
4190.0048
4200.0052
4210.0053
4220.0054
4230.0054
4240.0055
4250.0057
4260.0058
4270.0058
4280.0060
4290.0062
4300.0063
4310.0064
4320.0068
4330.0071
4340.0071
4350.0074
4360.0085
4370.0145
4380.0259

Spectral bandwidth (high_freq − low_freq) — repeaters vs. non-repeaters

Detection bandwidth in MHz, all analyzed bursts.

Spectral bandwidth (high_freq − low_freq) — repeaters vs. non-repeatersEmpirical cumulative distribution comparing 59 repeater bursts (dashed line) against 438 non-repeater bursts (solid line), in MHz. Full values are in the accessible data table below this chart.0.000.250.500.751.0042.4400.0 MHz
Non-repeater bursts (solid line), n=438 Repeater bursts (dashed line), n=59

bandwidth (high_freq − low_freq)Significant (KS)

Read the complete data table for Spectral bandwidth, repeater vs. non-repeater bursts (values sorted ascending, MHz)
Spectral bandwidth, repeater vs. non-repeater bursts
RowNon-repeater (438 bursts)Repeater (59 bursts)
142.400064.0000
260.800074.7000
370.300084.4000
472.500084.7000
573.700093.1000
677.500098.0000
781.1000100.9000
883.2000110.6000
983.7000115.7000
1092.2000117.2000
1193.3000117.3000
1294.4000122.5000
1397.3000128.1000
1499.8000131.6000
15104.5000132.0000
16105.3000138.5000
17111.7000141.6000
18113.9000142.3000
19115.7000142.9000
20115.7000144.2000
21116.3000147.7000
22117.1000149.8000
23117.3000152.2000
24117.9000154.0000
25124.2000179.7000
26125.0000182.4000
27127.2000192.4000
28128.6000193.6000
29128.7000205.1000
30129.1000206.0000
31133.5000210.2000
32133.7000214.8000
33134.2000216.0000
34135.0000218.0000
35135.3000219.2000
36135.6000222.5000
37136.1000222.7000
38136.2000226.6000
39137.2000230.6000
40138.4000231.4000
41139.2000233.8000
42140.4000241.0000
43142.3000242.8000
44143.3000244.9000
45143.4000248.8000
46145.8000251.3000
47146.9000255.9000
48148.1000262.3000
49150.5000263.2000
50152.4000281.9000
51155.7000284.4000
52157.7000298.1000
53158.1000305.5000
54159.3000314.2000
55160.1000317.9000
56160.4000328.0000
57161.1000352.9000
58162.5000384.0000
59163.2000400.0000
60164.6000
61167.0000
62168.2000
63168.9000
64170.5000
65172.4000
66172.7000
67173.7000
68174.1000
69174.4000
70175.3000
71176.6000
72177.7000
73179.5000
74180.7000
75183.0000
76183.3000
77183.6000
78186.0000
79187.7000
80190.2000
81192.1000
82192.2000
83193.3000
84195.7000
85196.2000
86199.2000
87201.4000
88202.6000
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04

Reading the result

What this does and does not show

H1 — DM

Falsified at burst level

The preregistered test found a significant DM difference, not the paper's "no difference." A disclosed post-hoc check narrows but does not fully close the gap — see above.

H2 — width & bandwidth

Confirmed, robustly

Significant in every variant tried: full sample, limit-flag-excluded, and per-source deduplicated. This is the paper's own claim, replicated cleanly.

What this is not

Not a resolved debate

This project does not determine whether repeating and non-repeating FRBs are physically distinct populations — only what this disclosed pipeline finds on this one public catalog.

05

Scientific method

How this was built, before any result existed

Data

Real Catalog 1, verified

536 bursts from VizieR (J/ApJS/257/59/table2), a stable mirror of the published table. Row count and the "62 bursts from 18 sources" invariant are checked at every fetch.

Exclusions

Disclosed, applied equally

39 bursts flagged excluded_flag==1 (non-nominal telescope operation) are dropped from both groups identically. No further cuts.

Tests

KS + Anderson–Darling + bootstrap

Two-sided two-sample KS as the primary test, Anderson–Darling as a robustness check, and a 10,000-resample percentile bootstrap CI on the median difference — fixed seed, fully reproducible.

Bootstrap median-difference CICI₉₅ = percentile([median(bootstrap_b) − median(bootstrap_a)], 2.5, 97.5)

10,000 resamples, numpy.random.default_rng(seed=20260813), each group resampled independently at its own observed size.

06

Data & citations

Provenance and further reading